고등) 2020년 11월 고1 모의고사 어법/어휘 선택/빈칸 연습

 

 

★ 2020년 11월 고1 모의고사  어법/어휘 선택, 빈칸 연습 

(21-24번 / 29-38번 지문)

 

 

 

 

 

21.

With the Internet, everything changed. Product problems, overpromises, the lack of customer support, differential pricing — all of _______ issues that customers actually [experienced them / experienced] from a marketing organization suddenly [popped out / popping out] of the box. No longer [was / were] there any controlled communications or even business systems. Consumers could generally learn through the Web [however / whatever] they wanted to know about a company, its products, its competitors, its distribution systems, and, most of all, its [truelessness / truthfulness] when [talked / talking] about its products and services. Just as [important, / insignificant,] the Internet opened up a forum for customers to compare products, experiences, and values with other customers easily and quickly. Now the customer had a way to talk back to the marketer and [doing / to do] so through public forums instantly.

 

 

 

22.

FOBO, or Fear of a Better Option, [is / to be] the anxiety ______ something better will come along, which makes _____ undesirable to commit to [existing / existed] choices when [making / made] a decision. It’s an affliction of [abundance / deficiency] that drives you to keep all of your options open and [avoids /to avoid] risks. Rather than assessing your options, choosing one, and moving on with your day, you [admit / delay] the inevitable. It’s not [like / unlike] hitting the snooze button on your alarm clock only to pull the covers over your head and fall back asleep. As you probably found out the hard way, if you hit snooze enough times, you’ll end up [to be / being] late and racing for the office, your day and mood ruined. [During / While] pressing snooze feels so good at the moment, it ultimately demands a/an [effort / price].

 

 

 

23.

The use of renewable sources of energy to produce electricity [have / has] increasingly [encouraged / been encouraged] as a way to harmonize the need to secure electricity supply with environmental protection [subjectivities / objectives]. [But / So] the use of renewable sources also [come / comes] with its own consequences, [they require / which require] consideration. Renewable sources of energy [include / are included] a variety of sources such as hydropower and ocean-based technologies. [And yet, / Additionally,] solar, wind, geothermal and biomass renewable sources also have [their /its] own impact on the environment. Hydropower dams, ____________*연결어, have an impact on aquatic ecosystems and, more recently, [has / have] [identified / been identified] as [significant / insignificant] sources of greenhouse emissions. Wind, solar, and biomass also cause negative environmental impacts, such as visual pollution, [extensive / intensive] land occupation and negative effects [with / on] bird populations.

 

 

 

24.

Chewing leads to smaller particles for swallowing, and [less / more] [exposing / exposed] surface area for digestive enzymes to act on. [On the other hand, / In other words,] it means the [extraction / contraction] of more fuel and raw materials from a mouthful of food. This is especially [insignificant / invaluable] for mammals because they heat their bodies from within. Chewing gives mammals the energy [needing / needed] to be [active / inactive] not only during the day _____ _____ the cool night, and [living / to live] in colder climates or places with [stable / changing] temperatures. It allows them to [sustain / lose] higher levels of activity and [travel / travels] speeds to cover larger distances, avoid predators, capture prey, and make and care for their young. Mammals are [able / unable] to live in an [incredible / incredibly] variety of habitats, from Arctic tundra to Antarctic pack ice, deep open waters to high-altitude mountaintops, and rainforests to deserts, in no small measure because of their [feet. / teeth.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

29.

Each species of animals can [overlook / detect] a different range of odours. No species can detect all the molecules that are present in the environment [where / which] it lives in - there are some things [that / what] we cannot smell but which some other animals can, and vice versa. There are also differences between individuals, relating to the ability to smell an odour, or how [pleasant / pleasantly] it seems. [Otherwise, / For example,] some people like the taste of coriander —known cilantro in the USA — while others find it soapy and unpleasant. This effect has an [underlining /underlying] genetic component due to differences in the genes [controlling / controlled] our sense of smell. Ultimately, the [collection / selection] of scents [deleted / detected] by a given species, and [what / how] that odour [perceives /is perceived], will depend upon the animal’s [biology / ecology]. The response profile of each species will enable it to [locating / locate] sources of smell _____ _____ [relevant / relative] to it and to respond accordingly.

 

 

 

30.

Recent research suggests that evolving humans’ relationship with dogs [changed / should change] the structure of [either / both] species’ brains. One of _____ various physical changes [causes / caused] by domestication [are / is] a reduction in the size of the brain： 16 percent for horses, 34 percent for pigs, and 10 to 30 percent for dogs. This is [because / why] once humans started to take care of these animals, they no longer needed [simple / various] brain functions in order to survive. Animals who [fed / were fed] and protected by humans did not need many of the skills [requiring / required] by their wild ancestors and [losing / lost] the parts of the brain related to those [sizes / capacities]. A similar process occurred for humans, who seem to [be domesticated / have been domesticated] by wolves. About 10,000 years ago, when the role of dogs was firmly established in most human societies, the human brain also [enlarged / shrank] by about 10 percent.

 

 

 

31.

There is nothing more fundamental to the human spirit [as / than] the need to be [mobile. / immobile.] It is the intuitive force that [stops / sparks] our imaginations and [open / opens] pathways to life-changing opportunities. It is the [capacity / catalyst] for progress and personal freedom. Public transportation has been [vital / insignificant] to that progress and freedom for more than two centuries. The transportation industry has always done more than carry travelers from one destination to [the other. / another.] It connects people, places, and possibilities. It provides access to _____ people need, ______ they love, and _____ they aspire to [becoming. / become.] In so doing, it grows communities, creates jobs, [strenghten / strengthens] the economy, [extends / expends /expands] social and commercial networks, saves time and energy, and helps millions of people [achieving / achieve] a better life.

 

 

 

32.

Business consultant Frans Johansson describes the Medici effect as the [emergency / emergence] of new ideas and creative solutions when different backgrounds and [disapprovals / disciplines] come together. The term is derived from the 15th-century Medici family, who helped [ushering / usher] in the Renaissance by bringing together artists, writers, and other creatives from all over the world. [Arguable / Arguably], the Renaissance was a result of the exchange of ideas between these [similar / different] groups in close contact with each other. Sound familiar? If you are unable to [simplify / diversify] your own talent and skill, then [have / having] others around you to [complete / compensate] might very well just do the trick. [Believe / Believing] that all new ideas come from combining [existing / existed] notions in creative ways, Johansson recommends [utilizing / to utilize] a mix of backgrounds, experiences, and expertise in staffing to [come about / bring about] the best possible solutions, perspectives, and innovations in business.

 

 

 

33.

As [many / much] as we can learn by examining fossils, it is important to remember that they [always / seldom] tell the entire story. Things only fossilize under certain sets of conditions. Modern insect communities are highly [diverse / similar] in tropical forests, but the recent fossil record captures [lots / little] of that diversity. Many creatures [consume / are consumed] entirely or [compose / decompose] rapidly when they die, so there may be [no / enough] fossil record at all for important groups. It’s a bit [similar / familiar] to a family photo album. Maybe when you were born your parents took lots of pictures, but over the years they took photographs [often, / occasionally,] and sometimes they got busy and forgot [taking / to take] pictures at all. Very [few/a few] of us have a [complete / incomplete] photo record of our life. Fossils are just [like /alike] that. Sometimes you get very clear pictures of the past, while at other times there are [small / big] gaps, and you need to notice what [are they. / they are.]

 

 

 

34.

Back in 1996, an American airline was [facing / faced] with an interesting problem. At a time ______ most other airlines were losing money or going under, over 100 cities were [begging / begged] the company to [service / servicing] their locations. [Thus, / However,] that’s not the interesting part. [That’s / What’s] interesting is [that / what] the company [turned down / willingly welcomed] over 95 percent of those offers and began [serving / to serve] only four new locations. It turned down tremendous [growth / deficit] because company leadership [set / had set] a(n) [upper / lower] limit for growth. Sure, its executives wanted to grow each year, but they didn’t want to grow too much. [Dislike / Unlike] other famous companies, they wanted to set their own pace, one that could be [maintained / sustained] in the [short /long] term. By doing this, they established a [danger / safety] margin for growth that helped them continue to [stop / thrive] at a time [which / when] the other airlines were flailing.

 

 

 

35.

The Barnum Effect is the phenomenon [which / where] someone reads or hears something very [general / specific] but [believe / believes] that it applies to them. These statements [appear / are appeared] to be very personal on the surface but in fact, they are [true / false] for many. Human psychology allows us to [want / wanting] to believe [what / that] we can identify with on a personal level and even [avoid / seek] information where it doesn’t necessarily exist, [fill / filling] in the blanks with our imagination for the rest. This is the principle that horoscopes [rely on it, / rely on,] [offer / offering] data that appears to be personal but probably [making / makes] sense to [few / countless] people. Since the people [read / reading] them want to believe the information so badly, they will search for meaning in their lives that make it [true / truly].

 

 

 

36.

[Imagining / Imagine] yourself at a party. It is dark and a group of friends ask you to take a picture of them. You grab your camera, point, and shoot your friends. The camera automatically turns on the flash as there is not enough light available to produce a(n) [correct / incorrect] exposure. The [cause / result] is half of your friends appear in the picture with two bright red circles instead of their eyes. This is a common problem [calling / called] the red-eye effect. It [causes / is caused] because the light from the flash [penetrating / penetrates] the eyes through the pupils, and then gets [reflecting / reflected] to the camera from the back of the eyes [which / where] a large amount of blood is present. This blood is the reason [which / why] the eyes [look at / look] red in the photograph. This effect is more [noticeable / unnoticeable] when there is [too / not] much light in the environment. This is [because/why] pupils [dilate / shrink] when it is dark, [allowing / allowed] more light to get inside the eye and producing a larger red-eye effect.

 

 

 

37.

Even though two [varieties / variables] seem to be [related, / unrelated,] there may not be a [casual / causal] relationship. [Instead, / In fact,] the two variables may merely seem to be [associating / associated] with each other due to the effect of some third variable. Sociologists call such [misleading / misunderstanding] relationships spurious. A [classic / classical] example is the [apparent / weak] association between children’s shoe size and reading ability. It seems that as shoe size increases, reading ability [deteriorates. / improves.] Does this mean that the size of one’s feet (independent variable) causes an improvement in reading skills (dependent variable)? Certainly not. This false relationship [caused / is caused] by a third factor, age, [what / that] is related to shoe size _____ ______ _____ reading ability. [Hence, / Otherwise,] when researchers attempt to make causal claims about the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable, they must control for - or [rule out / include] — other variables that may be creating a [genuine / spurious] relationship.

 

 

 

38.

Daylight isn’t the only signal [where / that] the brain can use for the purpose of biological clock resetting, though it is the [peripheral / principal] and preferential signal, when [absent. / present.] So long as they are [reliable / reliably] repeating, the brain can also use other [internal / external] cues, such as food, exercise, and even [regular / regularly] timed social interaction. All of these events [has / have] the ability to reset the biological clock, [allowed / allowing] it to strike a precise [twenty-four-hour / twenty-four-hours] note. It is the reason [which / that] individuals with certain forms of blindness do not entirely lose their circadian rhythm. [In additin to / Despite] [receiving not / not receiving] light cues due to their blindness, other phenomena [act / acts] as their resetting triggers. Any signal that the brain uses for the purpose of clock resetting [are / is] termed a zeitgeber, from the German “time giver” or “synchronizer.” [Yet, / Thus,] while light is the [more / most] reliable and thus the [primary / secondary] zeitgeber, there are many factors [that / where] can [use / be used] [in addition / in addition to], or in the [presence / absence] of, daylight.

 

 

 

 

21-24, 29-38 어법, 어휘 선택, 빈칸 연습.hwp

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